Fisheries and Aquaculture in India is a very important economic activities and a flourishing sector with varied resources and potentials. Aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. Broadly speaking, the relation of aquaculture to finfish and shellfish fisheries is analogous to the relation of agriculture to hunting and gathering. Mariculture refers to aquaculture practiced in marine environments and in underwater habitats. Particular kinds of aquaculture include fish farming, shrimp farming, oyster farming, mariculture, algaculture (such as seaweed farming), and the cultivation of ornamental fish.
Aquaculture, probably the fastest growing food-producing sector, now accounts for nearly 50 percent of the world’s food fish.The farming of the fishes for the commercial use like food products in an area is called as Fish production or fish farming. Fish farming or pisciculture is the principal form of aquaculture, while other methods may fall under mariculture. Fish farming involves raising fish commercially in tanks or enclosures, usually for food.
A ‘fishery’ refers to the activities involved in catching a species or group of species that share the same habitat. Fisheries can be commercial or recreational.The fishing industry includes any industry or activity concerned with taking, culturing, processing, preserving, storing, transporting, marketing or selling fish or fish products.
Aquaculture has grown at an impressive rate over the past decades. It has helped to produce more food fish, kept the overall price of fish down, and made fish and seafood more accessible to consumers around the world. That’s why greater investment is needed in the industry. Fisheries and aquaculture role in increasing food supply, generating job opportunities, raising nutritional level and earning foreign exchange has been important. Fisheries and aquaculture has emerged as an important commercial activity from its traditional role as subsistence supplementary activity.
Fisheries and aquaculture depend on the use of natural renewable resources and other resources (e.g. aquatic species, land and water) as raw material. Other resources such as hatchery-produced seeds, feeds and fertilizers are artificially generated. Because fishery resources are finite, there is competition for them, within the sector and with other types of uses.
Fishing in India is a major industry in its coastal states, employing over 14 million people.India has 7517 kilometers of marine coastline, 3,827 fishing villages, and 1,914 traditional fish landing centers. India’s fresh water resources consist of 195,210 kilometers of rivers and canals, 2.9 million hectares of minor and major reservoirs, 2.4 million hectares of ponds and lakes, and about 0.8 million hectares of flood plain wetlands and water bodies. India is a major supplier of fish in the world.
The major contents of the book are classification of fishes, general characters of fishes, techniques in fish identification, cold water fisheries of India, physical and chemical properties of fishery water, chemical constituents of fish, economic importance of fishes, fish in relation to human health, construction of fish farms, etc.
In this book you can find all the basic information required on the fundamental aspects of the fisheries and aquaculture technology with detailed information of their applications a wide variety of industrial processes etc. The book is very useful for research scholars, technocrats, institutional libraries and entrepreneurs who want to enter into the field of aquaculture technology.
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