Rice husk ash (RHA), a by-product from the rice industry, was used as principal source of amorphous silica for the production of sodium silicate solution used for the replacement of standard commercial sodium silicate in the mix-design of metakaolin based geopolymer composites. Three initial concentrations of NaOH were considered with the aim to investigate on the optimum dissolution and formation of silica oligomers capable to act as binder during the geopolymerization. Results (FT-IR and XRD) showed that RHA-NaOH sodium silicate solutions have characteristics similar to that of standard commercial sodium silicate and the residual carbonates present in the viscous pastes can be monitored during the preparation of geopolymers using the mix-design. Combined 25Â vol% standard sodium silicate solution with vol% of RHA-NaOH based sodium silicate solution conducted to good polycondensation, densification, high flexural strength and low porosity similar to that of the standard matrix of metakaolin based composites. The new approach is found promising for the significant reduction of the Global Warming Potential of Geopolymers.
Rice husk / hull ash (RHA) contains:
- Biogenic Amorphous Silica
- Carbon
- Un-burnt rice husk / hull
Sodium silicate products are manufactured as solids or thick liquids, depending on proposed use. For instance, water glass functions as a sealant in metal components. Finally, even though, sodium silicate manufacture is a mature industry, there is current research for new applications given its heat conductive properties.
The future demand for sodium silicate is a function of growth of the end-user industries, mainly soap and detergent factories, pulp and paper mills, paint, pigment and adhesive factories.
What are the properties of Sodium silicate?
- Sodium silicate is a white powder that is readily soluble in water, producing an alkaline solution.
- It is one of a number of related compounds like, sodium ortho silicate, sodium pyro silicate, etc. All are glassy, colorless and dissolve in water.
- Sodium silicate is stable in neutral and alkaline. In acidic solutions, the silicate ion reacts with hydrogen ions to form silicic acid, which when heated and roasted forms silica gel, a hard, glassy substance.
- Liquids and solids based on sodium silicate and produced by PQ Corporation have a density from 1.6g/cubic cm. to about 1.4 g/cubic cm.
Sodium Silicate is a colourless compound of oxides of sodium and silica. It has a range of chemical formula varying in sodium oxide (Na2O) and silicon dioxide or silica (SiO2) contents or ratios. Sodium silicate is the generic name for a series of compounds derived from soluble sodium silicate glasses. They are water solutions of sodium oxide (Na2O) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) combined in various ratios. Varying the proportions of SiO2 to Na2O and the solids content results in solutions with differing properties that have many diversified industrial applications. These are sold as 20% to 50% aqueous solutions called water glass.
Rice husk a major by-product of the rice milling industry, is one of the most commonly available lignocellulosic materials that can be converted to different types of fuels and chemical feedstocks through a variety of thermo chemical conversion processes. Rice husk is an agricultural residue abundantly available in rice producing countries. The husk surrounds the paddy grain.
India is a major rice producing country, and the husk generated during milling is mostly used as a fuel in the boilers for processing paddy, producing energy through direct combustion and/or by gasification. About 20 million tones of RHA are produced annually. This RHA is a great environment threat causing damage to the land and the surrounding area in which it is dumped. Lots of ways are being thought of for disposing them by making commercial use of this RHA.
Sodium silicates are used in the composition of acid resisting and refractory cements. Other uses of the silicate are as follows: as a suspension agent in are purification processes, from industrial wastes, for water proofing stone products, as a coating material in the packing materials, such as wooden panels, paper or cardboard boxes, for the insulation of electric copper wires, in the preservation of eggs. As a whole it is a good project for entrepreneurs to invest.
Few Indian Major Players are as under:
Abhiraami Chemicals Ltd.
Balls & Cylpebs Ltd.
Kiran Global Chems Ltd.
Shri Aster Silicates Ltd.
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Cost Estimation
Capacity
Sodium Silicate: 33.3 MT/Day
Plant & Machinery: Rs 204 Lakhs
Cost of Project: Rs 563 Lakhs
Rate of Return: 21%
Break Even Point: 69%
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