Oil and Gas Sector in India: The Fastest Growing Industry

Oil and Gas Sector in India:

Oil and Gas Sector in India is one of the Fastest Growing Industry of the economy. Crude oil output totals 267 million tonnes, accounting for 2% of global oil production, while natural gas production totals 636 billion cubic metres, accounting for 5% of global gas production. Since independence, India has discovered significant hydrocarbon resources on land and at sea. Only about 38% (1119 trillion cubic feet) of them have been examined.

At present usage rates, these reserves are expected to last more than 100 years. It is an appealing investment destination and a lucrative business prospect because of its enormous potential.

Indian energy demand is predicted to expand by 4-5 percent each year over the next 10 years, according to the Petroleum Planning & Analysis Cell (PPAC), a division of the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas. This will need investments in the Oil and Gas Sector in India of $250 billion (Rs 12 lakh crore). Rising incomes, increased urbanisation, industrialisation, population growth, and greater living standards will all contribute to this growth.

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Rising Demand of Oil and Gas Sector in India:

Total energy demand is expected to rise by more than a third between 2012 and 2035, according to the International Energy Agency, with fossil fuels accounting for the majority of this increase. Oil demand has steadily increased from 1.6 billion tonnes in 2010 to roughly 1.8 billion tonnes (b/d) now, owing to economic expansion and fast modernization. According to the latest IEA report, world oil demand will grow at an average pace of 1.2 million b/d from 2013 to 2030, surpassing 10 million b/d for the first time before 2030.

In other words, non-OECD nations, led by China and India, will account for almost two-thirds of new demand over that time span. With a population of over 1.3 billion people, India is expected to overtake the United States and China as the world’s third largest consumer. Although only 2% of its population consumes motor gasoline, compared to 55% in the United States, it will overtake the United States as the third largest consumer in the next five years due to fast GDP growth.

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Energy Market with the Fastest Growth:

After China and the United States, India is the world’s third largest energy and oil consumer.

India is the world’s fourth-largest liquefied natural gas importer (LNG). In FY 2019-20, India utilised 213.13 MMT petroleum products and 64.14 BCM natural gas, respectively, up 0.4 percent and 5.5 percent from FY 2018-19 consumption levels. India’s oil demand will climb by about 4 million barrels per day by 2040, the biggest increase of any country.

India has 26 sedimentary basins encompassing 3.36 million square kilometres.
With a goal of reducing oil and gas import dependency by 10% by 2022.
The overall number of petroleum retail outlets increased by 7.7% from 18,848 in 2002 to 77,094 in 2021. As of January 2022, this number had risen to 81,099 people.
India is attempting to transition to a gas-based economy by boosting natural gas’s portion of the country’s energy mix from 6.3 percent to 15 percent by 2030.

The Pradhan Mantri Ji-VAN Yojana aims to set up 12 commercial scale 2G bio-ethanol projects with viability gap funding of up to INR 150 crore per project.
The Sustainable Alternative to Affordable Transportation (SATAT) Scheme aims to install 5000 compressed biogas (CBG) units.
By 2025, the goal is to have 20% ethanol blended into gasoline.
Natural gas output grew by 19.5% in December 2021 compared to December 2020.
Production at petroleum refineries grew by 5.9% in December 2021 compared to December 2020.
Petroleum Products exports were valued at $ 3732 million in January 2022, up 74.73 percent from $ 2136 million in January 2021.
Total crude oil output from April to December 2021 was 22378.40 TMT, down 4.47 percent and 2.63 percent from the period’s objective and production from the same period previous year, respectively.
Natural gas production totaled 25673.90 MMSCM from April to December 2021, up 21.51 percent from the same period previous year.

Situation in Industry:

India’s present refining capacity is 249 MMTPA, with 23 refineries (nine in the public sector, three in the private sector, and one in a joint venture). With a capacity of 80.5 MMTPA, Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) is the largest domestic refiner.

One Gas Grid, One Nation: Up until September 2021, a total of 21735 kilometres of pipelines have been installed as part of the Gas Grid. By 2024-25, India wants to increase pipeline coverage by 60%, to 34,500 kilometres. By 2027, all states should be connected by a trunk national pipeline network.

Over the years, India’s output and consumption of petroleum products have steadily increased. Petroleum product production increased by 5.9% YoY to 250 MMT in 2021, compared to 236 MMT in 2020. Petroleum product consumption increased by 3.6 percent YoY to 201 MMT in 2021 from 194 MMT in 2020.

Petroleum product exports totaled USD 7730.20 million in April 2022, representing a 113.21 percent increase over April 2021.

OMCs have adopted a number of efforts to encourage improved LPG consumption and avoid diversion and supply delays. From April to December 2021, PSU OMCs enlisted 141.15 lakh new domestic consumers.

On both coastlines, LNG supply is advancing, with three new LNG terminals and one expansion project under construction on the west coast and two on the east coast. The total capacity will be 62.5 MMTPA when all of the projects are completed.

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Opportunities for Entrepreneurs:

Oil and Gas Sector in India is one of the fastest growing Industry in the world. Huge investment opportunities await business entrepreneurs thanks to the government’s Make in India campaign. Oil and Gas Sector in India accounts for roughly 8% of the country’s GDP. It also employs over 2 million people, either directly or indirectly. Exploration, production, refining, and trading are some of the industries in which an entrepreneur might invest in the oil and gas industry.

The Indian government has made a number of steps to promote entrepreneurship in the oil and gas industry. The Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, for example, has launched the Ease of Doing Business (EODB) project (DIPP). This project will assist firms in quickly establishing their operations with minimal paperwork. Aside from that, numerous states have created their own programs to encourage entrepreneurship in the Oil and Gas Sector in India.

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Future Outlook of Oil and Gas Sector in India:

Petroleum is currently one of India’s most important imports, accounting for roughly 18 percent of the country’s trade deficit. With an annual cost of $100 billion, oil imports account for the majority of its import bill. The Indian government has been attempting to stimulate renewable energy production in order to cut its oil import cost.

However, there is still a long way to go. Because it will import three times as much oil by 2030 as it does now. To put things in perspective, assuming everything goes according to plan, India’s domestic production will increase from 80 mb/d to 120 mb/d by 2020.

At present consumption rates, it would still require another 100 mb/d of imported crude. This means that even if India achieves oil production self-sufficiency and a higher GDP growth rate than it does now, it will remain a net importer until 2030.

As a result, the Indian government is taking steps to increase deepwater drilling activity while simultaneously planning to expand refining capacity and other downstream infrastructure. It also intends to spend a significant amount of money on R&D projects such as gas hydrate research. All of these measures are likely to attract private sector investment, which will aid future exploration efforts.

Growth Factors:

$118 billion in investments by 2024: $58 billion in exploration and production by 2023, and $60 billion in natural gas infrastructure by 2024.
City Gas Distribution: The coverage area has increased from 20% to 70%.
Natural Gas Reserve at 1.3 TCM is a plentiful raw material.
Favorable Policies: National Data Repository (NDR), Discovered Small Field Policy (DSF), Natural Gas Marketing and Pricing Freedom, and Unappraised Areas National Seismic Program (NSP). A 48K LKM 2D seismic survey is planned.
Government Incentives: Early production royalty concessions of 10%, 20%, and 30% for Category I, II, and III basins are offered by the government.
Setting up LNG Stations: Even if they do not have a City Gas Distribution licence, any firm can set up LNG stations in any geographical area in India.

Industry Developments:

Shale gas deposits of roughly 96 trillion cubic feet are recoverable.
Underground coal gasification is one of the government’s captive mining policy’s end uses.
Pipeline transportation accounts for 35% of all product mobility.
The Refining Industry: A refining hub with 23 refineries and plans for expansion in export-oriented infrastructure.
Companies that provide E&P services and equipment: 48 percent of the country’s sedimentary area is yet to be investigated.