Leather Industry has been one of the traditional industries operating at present. The hides and skins of animals are the source of leather and preserving hides and tanning them into leather has become an important industry. Leather-making is now a scientifically based industry, but still retains some of the charm and mystery of the original craft. Animal skin that has been processed to retain its flexibility, toughness, and waterproof nature is known as leather. “Leather tanning” is a general term for the numerous processing steps involved in converting animal hides or skins into finished leather.
Tanning is the final process in turning hides and skins into leather. Tanning involves a complex combination of mechanical and chemical processes. The heart of the process is the tanning operation itself in which organic or inorganic materials become chemically bound to the protein structure of the hide and preserve it from deterioration. The main chemical processes carried out by the tanner are the unhairing, liming, tanning, neutralizing and dyeing.
In the tanning process, animal hides and skins are treated to remove hair and nonstructured proteins and fats, leaving an essentially pure collagen matrix. The hides are then preserved by impregnation with tanning agents. Leather production usually involves three distinct phases: preparation (in the beamhouse); tanning (in the tanyard); and finishing, including dyeing and surface treatment. A wide range of processes and chemicals, including chrome salts, is used in the tanning and finishing processes.
This indispensable handbook provides a detailed insight into the leather industry, leather processing and tanning technology with manufacturing of different forms of leather products. The book contains the manufacturing process of different forms and type of leather products like box and willow sides, glazed kid, sole leather, lace leather, belting and bag leather, chamois leather, upholstery leather, antique leather, light and fancy leather, etc. to name a few. This book will be very helpful to its readers, upcoming entrepreneurs, scientists, existing industries, technical institutions, technocrats, etc.
Leather has had a universal appeal from time immemorial. The manufacture of leather is one of the oldest technological professions. Leather Industry occupies a place of prominence in the Indian economy in view of its massive potential for employment, growth and exports. There has been increasing emphasis on its planned development, aimed at optimum utilization of available raw materials for maximizing the returns, particularly from exports.
The leather industrial sector comprises of:
- a) Tanneries (where raw hides and skins are converted into leather)
- b) Factories transforming leather into a variety of consumer products such as footwear, garments and outerwear, and assorted leather goods such as wallets, passport cases, key chains, handbags and brief cases.
Apart from the quality of raw material, the process of its conversion into leather and, later, of the design, product development and process of manufacture, of products play a key role in adding value to it.
Indian leather industry is one among the top 8 industries for export revenue generation in India, holding 10% of the global raw material, and 2% of the global trade. India enjoys competitive benefits such as availability of abundant raw material, cheap and skilled labor, supporting institutions for industrial developments, and supportive domestic market.
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