Date Fruit Processing, value added Products and utilization
Phoenix dactylifera, commonly known as date or date palm, is a flowering plant species in the palm family, Arecaceae, cultivated for its edible sweet fruit. Although its place of origin is unknown because of long cultivation, it probably originated from lands around Iraq. The species is widely cultivated and is naturalized in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.
Climate and Soil
Date palm is very exacting in its climatic requirement, which according to an Arab saying should grow with its feet in running water and its head in the fire of the sky. The successful cultivation of date palm requires a long summer with high day as well as night temperature, a mild winter without frost, and absence of rain at the time of flowering and fruit setting with low relative humidity and plenty of sunshine. It is estimated that finest date varieties require 3,300 units of heat (base 10`C) for full maturity of its berries.
The heat unit summation must occur from pollination until full maturity of berries. This period should be rainless and dry. This is in contrast to its native home in Mediterranean region where summers are dry with rainy winters to allow fruit development from May through September –October. In Indian subtropics, fruiting period is confined only from February-July whereas ripening period coincides with rainfall. Therefore, fruits do not reach ripening stage and should be harvested at earlier stage of fruit development.
Medical Alcohol from Date Juice Concentrate
Date is one of the best fruits, which contains fructose as sugar ingredients, which is totally fermentable sugar and can be completely converted to ethyl alcohol by fermentation process. There are few expensive fabricating companies who can design the distillery plants and fabricate the plants. There is very good demand of medical alcohol. There is much more demand of it in India also. It is required about 30000000 litres alcohol needed for Homoeopathic medicine only and again it is required for Allopathic medicine. Few new entrepreneurs can venture into this project.
Animal Feed Using Date Pits, Discarded Dates and Other Ingredients
There is large use of animal feed in India, Middle East and also in the European Countries. It will help to increase the animal health. Most of the raw ingredients available in our country, most of the European Countries, and also in the Middle East. It is used as feed for the animal growth and nutrition. Due to globally increase of population there is sharp decrease of green fields used for animals. According to observation there is globally increase of population about 0.5% per annum. There is demand of animal feed increase 1.5-2% per annum. It can be concluded that there is very big demand created globally in every year. So there is very good scope for new entrepreneur who can manufacture well balanced animal feed.
Market Outlook
The global production of date’s fruit is about 5.4 mn metric tonnes per year. The five largest producers are Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, & Iraq. Approximately, 93% of dates harvested in the country are consumed within.
Date fruits have iron, potassium and calcium content. They are highly delicious and are a rich source of sugar (70-75%). One kg of fresh fruits of date palm gives about 3,000 calories of energy.
Global Leading Countries Growing Fresh Dates
| Rank | Country | Annual Production of Fresh Dates in Metric Tons |
| 1 | Egypt | 1,084,529 |
| 2 | Iran | 947,809 |
| 3 | Saudi Arabia | 836,983 |
| 4 | Iraq | 675,440 |
| 5 | Pakistan | 556,608 |
| 6 | United Arab Emirates | 533,701 |
| 7 | Algeria | 485,415 |
| 8 | Sudan | 435,668 |
| 9 | South Sudan | 432,100 |
| 10 | Oman | 239,397 |
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