India ranks first in the world in production of fruits and second in vegetables, accounting roughly 10 and 15 per cent, respectively, of total global production. India have a strong and dynamic food processing sector playing a vital role in diversifying the agricultural sector, improving value addition opportunities and creating surplus food for agro-food products.
Fruits and vegetables have a very short shelf life after harvest. In order to prevent post-harvest losses, they have to be processed immediately or stored under refrigerated conditions.
Cold Storages and Cold Chain are essential for extending the shelf life, period of marketing, avoiding glut, post-harvest losses reducing transport bottlenecks during peak period of production and maintenance of quality of produce. It is, therefore, necessary that cold storages are to be constructed in major producing as well as consuming centres. The development of cold storages in the country has an important role in reducing the wastages of the perishable commodities and providing remunerative prices to the growers and to make available farm products to the consumers at competitive and affordable prices.
The development of cold chain industry has an important role to play in reducing the wastages of the perishable commodities and thus providing remunerative prices to the growers. Also, it acts like a backbone for pharma industry and helps to maintain the efficacy of the drug throughout the supply chain by providing temperature controlled environment to sensitive pharma products.
Cold chain infrastructure includes cold storage infrastructure, transport infrastructure and point of production infrastructure. There are approximately 6300 cold storages in India designed originally for single commodity storage.
The marketing of Cold Storage follows the local existing distribution network i.e. storage of fruits & vegetables as well as other commodities such as fruit pulps and pharmaceuticals by middlemen (Artis), exporters, food processors, and pharmaceutical companies. These organizations or people store their commodities in cold storages, for future sales in the local market at better prices or for exports.
COLD STORAGES IN INDIA
- As per the data available to the Govt. as on 30th October, 2012, there were
       6,488 numbers of cold storages having cumulative capacity of 30.75 MMT.
- P. have highest numbers of cold storage followed by Punjab, Maharashtra, West Bengal, and Gujarat
- Most of the cold storage are standalone normal cold storage. Capacity of the state of the art CA/MA chambers is very small.
- 96 % of the cold storage are in Pvt. Sector; more than 75 per cent of the capacity is utilized only for potato and only about 23 percent are under multi commodity category
- Much of this multi-purpose cold storage capacity is located in the states of Karnataka, Maharashtra, West Bengal, and Tamil Nadu and in the National Capital Region (NCR).
- The push to build up storage capacity through cold chains has not been successful in vegetables and limited for fruits, meat, and Fish.
- these cold storage are not linked to the Farm and the market through controlled temperature ( Reefer vans) transportation
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Government Policies for Cold chain Infrastructure
- Providing enabling policy framework
- Enabling Plan, Framework, and Guidelines
- Enabling Fiscal policies
- Providing Financial Support to encourage private investment
- Promotion, awareness campaign, study, surveys, knowledge sharing, etc.
COLD CHAIN is now recognized as a sunrise sector in India. It is true that in a country which ranks first in milk production in the world, is number 2 in fruits & vegetables production and has substantial production of marine, meat & poultry products, the country needed a fully developed cold chain sector.
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